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母豬料的料型目前主要有三種，粉狀料，液體飼料和顆粒料。粉狀料又可分為用戶自配的粗粉料(簡單混合料)和商用細粉料兩種。液體飼料則是歐洲近十年來興起的一種飼料形式。

At present, there are three types of sows feed: powder feed, liquid feed and pellet feed. Powder can be divided into two kinds: coarse powder (simple mixture) and commercial fine powder. In the past decade, liquid feed has emerged in European countries.

目的是為了減少抗生素使用和提高母豬的福利;隨著近年來玉米的大幅攀升，部分客戶意識到自配料與配合料成本相差無幾的情況下對配合顆料料的需求急劇增加，故而飼料廠開發以應對市場變化。但是對顆粒料的使用，一直存在爭議，現結合母豬營養生理及生產實踐中出現問題，加以剖析，歡迎各位同行拍磚。

The purpose is to reduce the use of antibiotics and improve the welfare of sows; with the sharp rise of corn prices in recent years, some customers realize that the demand for pellet feed is increasing rapidly when the cost of self compounding is almost the same as that of batch feed, so feed factories are developing to cope with market changes. However, the use of granular material has always been controversial. This paper analyzes the problems in sow nutrition, physiology and production practice, and welcomes colleagues to make bricks.

1 母豬對粉狀料的采食量比顆粒料的采食量大

1. The feed intake of sows fed with powder feed was higher than that fed with pellet feed

這個事實背后的原因主要是母豬有著發達的牙齒、靈活的舌頭和碩大的口腔，粉狀料對其味覺、嗅覺的刺激使得頭期消化液的分泌較顆粒料量大。唾液淀粉酶對粉料的作用也較顆粒料更為迅速。

The main reason behind this fact is that sows have developed teeth, flexible tongue and huge mouth. The stimulation of powder to their taste and smell makes the secretion of digestive juice in the first stage larger than that of granule. The effect of salivary amylase on powder was more rapid than that on granule.

因此母豬對粉狀料的食欲更強。在野生狀態下，母豬的食物范圍相當廣泛，包括塊根塊莖類、青綠飼料、谷物籽實、小動物等，成熟的谷物籽實很硬，所以顆粒狀的食物并不是母豬。并且，豬有搶食的習慣，一次大量進食顆粒料的后果很嚴重：未經充分咀嚼的顆料在消化道存留的時間很長，頭期消化液分泌不足也導致消化道蠕動減緩。特別是在圍產期，母豬食欲下降和便秘的出現就成了必然。

Therefore, sows have a stronger appetite for powder. In the wild, sows have a wide range of food, including tubers, green fodder, grain seeds, small animals and so on. Mature grain seeds are very hard, so granular food is not the first choice for sows. Moreover, pigs have the habit of rushing to eat, and the consequences of eating a large amount of pellets at a time are very serious: the pellets that have not been fully chewed remain in the digestive tract for a long time, and the insufficient secretion of digestive juice in the first stage also leads to the slow down of gastrointestinal peristalsis. Especially in the perinatal period, the loss of appetite and constipation become inevitable.

2 粉狀料較顆粒更“新鮮”

2. Powder is fresher than particle

眾所周知，粉狀料不易保存，在北方，夏季庫存時間也不能超過15天，因其開包后與空氣中的氧氣接觸面積更大，更易被氧化;而顆粒料則不同，經過擠壓之后與空氣接觸面積減小，因而可放置更長時間。就現場應用效果來說，3天以內生產的粉狀料更有優勢(中間環節越少，對母豬來說越好)。

As we all know, powdery materials are not easy to preserve, and in the north, the storage time in summer can not exceed 15 days, because the contact area with oxygen in the air is larger after unpacking, and it is easier to be oxidized; while granular materials are different, the contact area with air is reduced after extrusion, so they can be stored for a longer time. In terms of field application effect, the powder produced within 3 days has more advantages (the less intermediate links, the better for sows).